HALACHOS FOR SHABOS KODESH

1) If the food being eaten is normally eaten with a utensil (e.g. soup with a spoon or spaghetti in sauce with a fork) it can be held in the utensil while the Bracha is recited.

However, food that is not normally eaten with a utensil should not be held with a utensil while the Bracha is being said, as that is not respectful to the Bracha. (See Kaf HaChaim Siman 206:32. See also Shu”t Be’er Moshe Vol. 8 Siman 28 regarding holding the food with a napkin to keep the hands clean.)

2) For Kabalistic reasons, it is best not to hold food with a metal knife. According to some opinions, food should not be held with any knife, even plastic, as knives are a symbol of the opposite of life.(Mishna Berura Siman 206:18. See also Shulchan Aruch HaRav 206:8 and Kaf HaChaim 206:31 who says even a metal fork should not be used, however this is not the prevalent custom)

HALACHOS FOR SUNDAY, JULY 5 2009

1) It is prohibited [for a male] to recite a Bracha with his head uncovered.

If a Bracha was recited without a head covering, according to some Poskim it is acceptable B’dieved. According to others it may even be invalid B’dieved. (See Aruch HaShulchan Siman 206:6. See Shu”t Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 4 Siman 40:14 where he writes that Tefilah davened with an uncovered head is not valid B’dieved. Some want to deduce from there that Rav Moshe Zatzal would Pasken the same thing for Brachos. Regarding how much of the head must be covered, see Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 1 Siman 1. See also Ben Ish Chai Parshas Shmini Siman 18 where he maintains that married women must cover their heads before making Brachos, even if they are in a place where their heads don’t otherwise have to be covered according to Halacha.)

2) Although there is no Halacha requiring the washing of the hands before reciting a Bracha, if one knows for certain that his/her hands are unclean or touched a covered part of the body, the hands do need to be washed before reciting the Bracha.

Some people are stringent to always wash their hands before reciting a Bracha. (See Mishna Berura Siman 227:12 and Siman 435:2. This was also the minhag of the Chasam Sofer to wash with a little bit water before making a Bracha, in respect to the Bracha)

HALACHOS FOR MONDAY, JULY 6 2009

1) When hearing another Jew recite a Bracha, there is an obligation to answer “Amen” (Shulchan Aruch Siman 215:2)

The reason for this is based on a Posuk (Devarim 32:3) “Ki Shem Hashem Ekra Havu Godel  L’Elokeinu”. Moshe Rabbeinu told Klal Yisroel, “Ki Shem Hashem Ekra- when I bless and recite  the name of Hashem” then “Havu Godel  L’Elokeinu- you should exalt the Holy Name of Hashem by responding Amen” (Talmud Yoma 37a, quoted in Mishna Berura Siman 215:8)

Chazal taught us (Talmud Brachos 53b) that the one who answers Amen [his reward] is greater than the one reciting the Bracha!

Additionally, a Bracha that had an Amen answered to it is considered a greater Bracha, thus it is advisable whenever possible to recite Brachos when and where people are around to answer Amen. (See Kaf HaChaim Siman 124::31 quoting the Zohar and Shu”t Tzitz Eliezer Vol. 11 Siman 2)

However, if one knows that the people around him/her will definitely not answer Amen to their Bracha, it is best to say it low as not to cause them to transgress the sin of not answering Amen to a Bracha that they heard. (Ben Ish Chai Parshas Mas’ei  Siman 14)

2) It is important to train young children to answer Amen to all Brachos that they hear, since as soon as a child answers Amen he/she has earned themselves a portion in Olam Haba. (Ram”a Siman124:7 based on Gemara Sanhedrin 110b).

This applies even to young children who do not understand what they are saying; all the more so for children who already comprehend the significance of what they are saying. (Rav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal in Halichos Shlomo Perek 22:20)

HALACHOS FOR TUESDAY, JULY 7 2009

1) It is proper to answer Amen to every Tefilah and Bracha that one hears, even if no Name of Hashem appears in the Tefilah/Bracha.

Thus after every “HaRachaman” in Birchas HaMazon it is proper to answer Amen. (Shl”a quoted in Mishna Berura Siman 189:5)

After hearing a “Mi Shebairach” blessing an individual (common after receiving an Aliya to the Torah in Shul) it is proper to answer “Amen”. Doing so is also a fulfillment of the Mitzvah of “V’Ahavta L’Reacha Kamocha, love your friend as you love yourself”, as people certainly want others to answer Amen to Mi Shebairachs for themselves. (Aruch HaShulchan Siman 215:1)

2) One, who hears a Bracha that wasn’t said properly, or was a Bracha L’vatalah, a Bracha in vain, may not answer Amen, as doing so will be as if he/she has said the name of Hashem in vain. (Mishna Berura Siman 215:21)

Similarly, if one hears someone recite a Bracha on a food that is prohibited to eat (e.g. non kosher or stolen food and the like) Amen should not be answered. (Mishna Berura Siman 196:2 and Sha’ar HaTzion 196:1)

HALACHOS FOR WEDNESDAY, JULY 8 2009

1) One who is eating a variety of foods , needs to be aware that the Brachos need to be made on the  more Chashuv, prominent foods first, as doing so is Hiddur Mitzvah and respectful to the Bracha. (See Mishna Berura Siman 168:1)

The aforementioned Halacha applies regardless if the foods are all of the same Bracha, or if the foods are a variety of Brachos, as we always begin with the prominent food.

There are four basic categories of prominence to determine which foods get the Bracha first:

a)   The Shivas HaMinim, the seven species of fruit with which Eretz Yisroel is praised [in the Posuk] take precedence over any other fruit, and their prominence is in the order that they are listed in the Posuk, and their  proximity to the word "Eretz"(See Mishna Berura Siman 211:3 and 22)

b)   A complete food takes precedence over a broken segment of the same food.

c)   A food that an individual likes better takes precedence over a food that is less liked.

d)   A Bracha that exempts fewer varieties of   foods takes precedence over a Bracha that exempts more.
We will iy”H discusses these categories and their practical applications more in detail in the coming days.

2) Keep in mind that the Halachos of what goes first only applies to the Brachos, and don’t necessitate eating an entire food before going ahead and eating a second food, rather once a bite was taken out of the more prominent food, it is permissible to move on and make a Bracha and eat the next food.

Similarly, when one washed , recited Hamotzi and is eating a meal, the foods that are exempt from an individual Bracha due to their being part of the meal, need not be eaten in any particular order.(See Kaf HaChaim  Siman 211:5)

HALACHOS FOR THURSDAY, JULY 9 2009

1) The Halachos of “Kedima”, precedence in Brachos, are L’Chatchilah. However, if one made a Bracha on the less prominent food, it is acceptable B’dieved and it even exempts the more prominent food of the same Bracha [if you had in mind to do so]. (Ram”a Siman 211:5. See also Mishna Berura ibid. 32 and 33. See also  Aruch HaShulchan 211:16)

2) The Halachos of Kedima only apply if both foods are in front of you and you want to partake of both the foods. Moreover, even if the more prominent food is in front of you, but you don’t have a desire to eat it just yet and want to save it for later, there is no requirement to eat it now in order to recite its Bracha first. (Mishna Berura Siman 211:1 and 31)

If the accepted custom of society (or even one’s personal minhag) is to eat things in a certain order (e.g.  Entrée of fish served before course of Mezonos dish of pasta or other Mezonos), the Halachos of Kedima do not apply as since this is the custom it is not considered that both foods are equally in front of you and ready to eat. (Kaf HaChaim Siman 211:5. See also Shu”t Oz Nidberu Vol. 8 Siman 53)

HALACHOS FOR EREV SHABBOS KODESH, JULY 10 2009 (DOUBLE PORTION L’KAVOD SHABBOS KODESH)

Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh

1) If one has two fruits, one from the Shivas HaMinim which is not complete (e.g. a half of a fig) and one a complete fruit, but not from the Shivas Haminim (e.g. an apple) the Bracha is made on the Shivas HaMinim [even if the other fruit is more enjoyable to that individual, according to many Rishonim]. (Mishna Berura Siman 211:4. See also Biur Halacha Dibur HaMaschil V’Yesh Omrim where he elaborates on the opinions of many Rishonim in regard to when the non Shivas HaMinim fruit is more enjoyable to eat)

2) On the night of Rosh Hashana when it is customary to an apple dipped in honey, and also many other fruits, some from the Shivas HaMinim,  each with its own symbolic meaning, according to many Poskim it is best to make the Bracha on the Shivas HaMinim and not on the apple. (See Kaf HaChaim Siman 583:25. This was also the opinion of Rav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal. Others argue and maintain that the Bracha can be made on the apple in this case. See Piskei Teshuva Siman 583:2 that this was the Minhag of the Ari, Minhag Chabad and others)

There is a discussion in the Poskim whether raisins (which are dried grapes) retain their status as being from the Shivas HaMinim, or if their being dried and thus losing their viable seeds makes them no longer a grape for the purposes of Kedima in Brachos. (Aishel Avraham, Butshatsh, quoted in Shaarei HaBracha Perek 12: footnote 11)

HALACHOS FOR SHABBOS KODESH

1) A whole fruit or food item always takes precedence over a broken item. For example, if one has a plate of cookies, the Bracha is made on a complete cookie and not on a fragmented one, even if the fragment is larger than the whole cookie.

Similarly, if two foods of the same Bracha are in front of you and one is larger or more attractive than the other, the Bracha is made on the larger or more attractive one, as doing so is respectful to the Bracha. (Mishna Berura Siman 168:6. See also Mishna Berura Siman 167:5 that even when making a Bracha on a fragmented piece of bread, it should still be as large as possible; although it isn’t complete, it is still important to have it as Chashuv as possible.)

2) If the two foods that are in front of you are not from the Shivas HaMinim and both aren’t whole foods,  the food that you usually like better takes precedence over the other one. If both foods are usually enjoyed equally, the one that is currently more appealing to you goes first. (See Mishna Berura Siman 211:35 towards the end. See also Mishna Berura 211:11 that the Rambam’s view is that we always judge based on what you like better now, and not on what you generally like better, and he writes that one who rules according to this view has on whom to rely)

HALACHOS FOR SUNDAY, JULY 12 2009

1) If two foods with two distinct Brachos are in front of you, and one of the Brachos are considered more Chashuv, prominent, the more prominent Bracha is recited first, as doing so expresses more praise to Hashem for providing foods for us with Hashgacha Pratis (individualized divine providence) (See Chayei Adam Klal 57:2)

The aforementioned is even if the food with the less prominent Bracha is more enjoyable, as the Halacha that more enjoyable foods go first is only if the Brachos of the two foods are of  equal prominence (such as two Shehakol foods, or even a Ha’aitz food and a Ha’Adama food, according to some opinions) (This is the Psak of the  Mishna Berura Siman 211:14 and many other Poskim. The Rambam argues and maintains that the food you enjoy always takes precedence. See Sha’ar HaTzion 211:8)

2) A Bracha that exempts fewer varieties of foods is considered a more prominent Bracha. We will elaborate on this over the next few days iy”H (See Mishna Berura Siman 211:15 and 16).

The Bracha of Hamotzi goes before all other Brachos, even if you have bread from barley and a Mezonos from wheat in front of you, the Hamotzi goes first.

If you have a few kinds of bread in front of you, the Hamotzi is made on the bread that is made from the most prominent grain. (See Ram”a Siman 211:5 and Mishna Berura 29)

HALACHOS FOR MONDAY, JULY 13 2009

1) After Hamotzi, the order of importance of Brachos is as follows:

a) Borei Minei Mezonos (and Mezonos itself goes in order of importance of the grains: wheat, barley etc., and items of the five grains take precedence over rice and rice products.)

b) Borei Pri HaGafen (which is one of the reasons we cover the Challah and Mezonos at Kiddush on Shabbos, as really the Bracha on the Challah/Mezonos should go first. See Mishna Berura Siman 271:41)

c) Borei Pri Ha’aitz (and amongst fruits, Shivas HaMinim take precedence, as we discussed earlier)

d) Borei Pri Ha’Adama (unless the food in question is more enjoyable than the fruit, in which case Ha’Adama would go before Ha’aitz. See Mishna Berura end of Siman 211)

e) SheHakol Nih’Ya B’devaro.

2) If one has a food and a drink in front of him, the one with the more prominent Bracha, or the one that is more enjoyable goes first.

If they are both the same Bracha and are both just as enjoyable, M’Ikar HaDin there is no requirement to recite a Bracha on the food rather than  the drink. However, the prevalent custom is to indeed recite the Bracha on the food item rather than the drink. (see Pri Megadim in his introduction to Hilchos Brachos S”K 8 and in Siman 211:6. See also Aruch HaShulchan 211:17. Some want to bring a proof from the Gemara Brachos 49b that the Torah gave prominence to eating over drinking. See Mishna Berura Siman 197:25)

HALACHOS FOR TUESDAY, JULY 14 2009

1) After eating, a more prominent Bracha Achrona takes precedence over a less prominent one.
Thus, whenever two or more Brachos Achronos are required, they should be done in the following order:
a)      Birchas HaMazon (after eating bread)
b)      Al Hamichya (after eating foods of the 5 grains, besides bread)
c)      Al HaGefen (after drinking wine/grape juice)
d)      Al Ha’aitz (after eating one of the Shivas Haminim fruits)
e)      Borei Nefashos (after everything else that doesn’t fall into one of the aforementioned categories) (Pri Megadim in his introduction to Hilchos Brachos S”K 10 quoted in the Biur Halacha  to Siman 202:11 Dibur Hamaschil Bracha. See also Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 5 Siman 20:13 and Shu”t Be’er Moshe Vol. 5 Siman 1:37)

2) In Halacha there is a concept of “Tadir V’She’aino Tadir,Tadir Kodem”. This basically means that whenever you are presented with doing two Mitzvos or reciting two Brachos, the one that is done more often, takes precedence. (This is a very complicated topic, with certain exceptions and many details, which is beyond the scope of this forum)

Therefore, when one is required to recite “Asher Yatzar” after having used the restroom and is also required to recite “Borei Nefashos” or “Birchas HaMazon” after having eaten food, the Asher Yatzar goes first.  (See Mogen Avraham Siman 165:3, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 165:2, Aruch HaShulchan 165:2 and Mishna Berura Siman 7:2)

HALACHOS FOR WEDNESDAY, JULY 15 2009

1)It is obligatory to recite a Bracha, a blessing,  before eating or drinking even a drop of food or drink, as Chazal (Brachos 35a & b) tell us, based on Pesukim, that it is forbidden to enjoy anything of Hashem’s world without thanking Him first and not doing so constitutes “stealing “from Hashem. (See Mishna Berura Siman 168:47)

The Bracha after eating, however, is only required if a proper amount of food/drink was consumed.

2) The requirement of a Bracha before eating is only for food that is enjoyable to the throat (i.e. taste buds).

Therefore, spoiled food, extremely bitter food, or other inedible foods, do not require a Bracha if they will be  eaten. (See Shulchan Aruch Siman 202:2 and Siman 204:2)

Similarly, one who is totally satiated to the point of being “stuffed”, and continues to eat does not make a Bracha as this eating is considered “Achila Gasa” and not a normal manner of eating which brings enjoyment. (See Mishna Berura Siman 612:14 and Siman 476:6 that such an “eating” isn’t considered eating)

If a food or beverage is too hot, or even too freezing cold to have enjoyment from, no Bracha is required until it cools down/ defrosts to a manageable temperature. (See Shu”t Noda B’Yehuda Yoreh Deah Vol. 1 Siman 35. See also Shu”t Ohr L’Tzion 14:27 and Shu”t Rivevos Ephraim Vol. 1 Siman 131)

HALACHOS FOR THURSDAY, JULY 16 2009

1) A food that is eaten for medical reasons, as a cure for an ailment, does not require a Bracha, unless some pleasure is derived from it while eating it.

According to some opinions, if the food is neither good tasting nor bad tasting, it always requires a Bracha. (See Mishna Berura Siman 204:55 and Shulchan Aruch HaRav 204:14 in the parenthesis. See also Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 1 Siman 82)

Similarly, when drinking water, no Bracha is required unless some pleasure is derived (i.e. it is being drunk to satisfy thirst, or a desire to drink). (See Mishna Berura Siman 204:40)

Thus, if drinking water to help swallow a pill or help dislodge something that was stuck in the throat, no Bracha is required, unless also drinking due to thirst.

2) One who drinks water before exercising, or before a fast day, even though he/she isn’t thirsty now, a Bracha is required as it’s being drunk for pleasure, that will be derived from it later on. (Psak of Rav Shmuel Wosner Shlita. See Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 9 Siman 42 and Vol. 10 Siman 42:12)

Other drinks, however, including sugared water require a Bracha at all times, even if being drunk for a reason other than thirst, as they are always pleasurable to the throat. (Mishna Berura Siman 204:42)

It is questionable if Seltzer requires a Bracha always, even though it’s water, due to its carbonation making it a little bit pleasurable to taste, even when not thirsty. (Safek of Rav Chaim Kanievsky Shlita, quoted in Sefer Brachos K’Hilchasan page 143)

HALACHOS FOR EREV SHABBOS KODESH, JULY 17 2009 (SPECIAL DOUBLE PORTION L’KAVOD SHABBOS KODESH)

Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh

1) One who ingests a food/drink that causes damage when eaten [by itself] is not considered to be “eating”, and is not required to recite a Bracha. Some examples of this include drinking olive oil or strong vinegar. (See Mishna Berura Siman 202:27 and Siman 204:24. See also Sha’arei Teshuva Siman 204:3)

However, foods which are not inherently foods that cause damage, and are good tasting, require a Bracha even if the person eating them may be harming him or herself by eating them. An example of this would be a diabetic who eats a sugar laden food item or someone with heart trouble eating a fat laden food item. (See Mishna Berura Siman 204:15. See also Shu”t Avnei Yashfe Siman 42)

2) An ill person R”L who is fed via an intravenous feeding tube, which inserts the food directly into the stomach (and thus does not cause pleasure to the throat and taste buds), does not recite  a Bracha even if it satiates his/her hunger.

If the recipient of the intravenous wants to  give thanks to Hashem for the sustenance, he/she may do so by saying Pesukim of praise to Hashem, or by having someone else recite a Bracha over their own food and answer Amen and be Yotzei that way. (See Shu”t MaHarsham Vol. 1 Siman 123 and 124, Shu”t Minchas Yitzchok Vol. 3 Siman 18, Shu”t Tzitz Eliezer Vol. 12 Siman 1:7 and Vol. 13 Siman 35:3)

One who drinks a beverage with a straw, although the drink doesn’t touch his/her lips, is required to recite a Bracha, as the throat and taste buds have pleasure. (Shu”t Mishneh Halachos Vol. 6 Siman 36. See also Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 4 Siman 21)

HALACHOS FOR SHABBOS KODESH

1) As a rule, a Bracha is only required on food if eating it for pleasure.

Therefore, if one is cooking and tastes the item to see if it requires more spices or other ingredients, and isn’t eating for enjoyment the Halacha is as follows:
If the item is just tasted but not swallowed (i.e. it is spit out), no Bracha is required even if a large amount was tasted.

If while tasting the food it is being swallowed, if it is less than a Revi’is (for liquids) or a Kzayis (for solids) no Bracha is required.

If more than a Revi’is/Kzayis is tasted, a Bracha is indeed required.

If tasting a variety of foods, if less than a Revi’is/Kzayis of each one is tasted, no Bracha is required, unless the intent is to eat and enjoy all the foods, and not just to determine if more spices are necessary.(All of the above, based on the  Mishna Berura Siman 210:13-15)

2) Once the item is fully cooked, and it is tasted only to see if it is tasty, if more than a Kzayis is swallowed, a Bracha is required.

If, however, it is also being eaten to enjoy the tasty dish, a Bracha is required even on less than a Kzayis.

Since, it is difficult to “taste” an item without enjoying it, it is best to specifically have in mind to enjoy the item, and thus necessitate a Bracha. (Mishna Berura Siman 210:19. For more detailed discussions on this topic see  Kaf HaChaim Siman 210:23, Shu”t Chavos Yair Siman 160,Igros Moshe Vol. 1 Siman 80,  Shu”t  Teshuvos V’Hanhagos Vol. 2 Siman 141, and  Shu”t Mishne Halachos Vol. 3 Siman 220)

HALACHOS FOR SUNDAY, JULY 19 2009

1)Vitamins are considered food, and if they have a good taste and are chewed (like most children’s vitamins), a Bracha is required. (See Halichos Shlomo Chapter 13 footnote 27 that vitamins, like other food, may not be stored under a bed and if slept on must be discarded)

The same applies to cough lozenges, herbal teas and any other good tasting food even though it is being eaten for health purposes. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 204:8)

2) Cough syrup, and other sweetened medicines, even though they aren’t food,  according to many Poskim require a Bracha due to is being good tasting, and thus pleasurable. (This seems to be the ruling of the Mishna Berura Siman 204:48. This is also the Psak of Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv Shlita. See also Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 204:15, Shu”t Chasam Sofer Orach Chaim Siman 202 and Shu”t Mikraei Kodesh Vol. 2 Siman 40)

Other Poskim however maintain that since there is no reason a person would “drink” this syrup if not for its medicinal purposes, it isn’t considered food and does not require a Bracha. (Psak of Rav Shlomo zalmen Auerbach Zatzal)

Some Poskim suggest that a Bracha on such medicines would only be required  if a Revi’is is consumed, but this view is rejected by most Poskim. (see Shu”t Mikraei Kodesh ibid.)

HALACHOS FOR MONDAY, JULY 20 2009

1) When smoking a cigarette, cigar or pipe, even if the taste of the tobacco leaves enter the throat and pleasure is derived from it, no Bracha is recited. (Mishna Berura Siman 210:17. See also Shu”t Ksav Sofer Siman 24. This is not to be taken as an endorsement to the practice of smoking , which is a harmful and  terrible habit. 

 

2) One who is forced to eat against his/her will, and does not derive pleasure from the food is not required to recite a Bracha. (See Mishna Berura Siman 204:45 who quotes other opinions that argue and maintain that a Bracha is indeed required, especially if the food eaten is bread and it satiates you that the Birchas HaMazon is biblical, and thus required. See Kaf HaChaim Siman 204:50 and Shu”t Chasam Sofer Orach Chaim Siman 202. Rav Shmuel Wosner Shlita ruled that the above Halacha does not apply to a child whose parents force him to eat for his own good, as in that case the child must make a Bracha.)

 

HALACHOS FOR TUESDAY, JULY 21 2009

1) One whose health requires him/her to eat non kosher foods, Basar B’Chalav or to eat on Yom Kippur, must recite a Bracha on this food, unless he/she derives no pleasure from it due to its being forbidden foods (a very high level indeed) (See Mishna Berura Siman 196:5. The Chofetz Chaim goes on to say that one who eats such food for the purpose of preserving his/her life is in fact doing a Mitzvah(!) as the Torah expects us to fulfill the Torah and preserve out life in doing so as the Posuk says “V’Chai BaHem, you shall  live while performing the Mitzvos)

Some Poskim say that if possible it is good to recite the Bracha on a permitted food and exempt the forbidden food that must be eaten. (See Kaf HaChaim 196:8)

2) However, if one eats forbidden foods under regular circumstances or one eats stolen foods, if not doing so for Pikuach Nefesh, a life threatening situation, no Bracha is recited, and one who hears a Bracha recited on such foods may not answer Amen. (Mishna Berura Siman 196:2)

If the forbidden food was eaten by accident, a Bracha Achrona may be recited after eating it. (Mishna Berura Siman 196:4 and Aruch HaShulchan Siman 196:4. See also Shu”t Ksav Sofer Siman 22)

One who eats on Shabbos before Kiddush, although it may not be done, must recite a Bracha on the food. (See Shu”t Da’as Torah Siman 271:5. See also Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 4 Siman 69:6 regarding one who eats after shkiah on Shabbos, before Havdala)

HALACHOS FOR WEDNESDAY, JULY 22 2009

1) If one mistakenly put food or drink into his/her mouth without reciting a Bracha, and it was already swallowed, the Bracha can no longer be recited on that food. (Mishna Berura Siman 172:3)

However, it is proper to quickly (Toch K’Dei Dibur if possible) recite a Bracha on another food of the same Bracha, and this will rectify the original eating/drinking without a Bracha (Mishna Berura Siman 167:49. See also Sharei Teshuva Siman 206:2 that if done immediately, Toch K’dei Dibur, the Bracha may in fact work L’mafrea , retroactively.)

2) If the food has not yet been swallowed, and it is the kind of food that can be removed from the mouth without being repulsive (e.g. a sucking candy), it must be removed, a Bracha recited and then reinserted, as ideally a Bracha must be recited with an empty mouth.

If, however, the food is of the variety that is repulsive to remove from the mouth after having been chewed (e.g.  a cookie  or a berry), it should be pushed to one side of the mouth, a Bracha recited, and then finished.

If the amount of food in the mouth makes it impossible to push to one side (common when a large mouthful of a drink was gulped), if more of the food/drink is available, the item in the mouth should be spit out, and a Bracha recited on the new food/drink.

If no additional food/drink is available, and what’s in the mouth is necessary to drink, and it cannot be pushed to the side, it may be swallowed without a Bracha. (All of the above based on Shulchan Aruch and Mishna berira Siman 172. See  also Kaf HaChaim Siman 172:1 that in this last  case the Bracha should be “thought” in your mind. See also Ben Ish Chai Parshas Matos Siman 14. See also Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 7 Siman26:1)

If enough food/drink was consumed without a Bracha, a Bracha Achrona is still required. (Mishna Berura Siman 172:3)

HALACHOS FOR THURSDAY, JULY 23 2009

1)After reciting a Bracha the food must be eaten immediately without any interruptions whatsoever. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 206:3)

Even to answer Amen, Barchu or other Devarim Sh’bekedusha is prohibited after a Bracha is recited, before the food is tasted. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:12)

If an interruption was made, even uttering one  word [which wasn't necessary for the food/eating at hand], disqualifies the Bracha and a new Bracha must be recited. (ibid.)

However, if the interruption was necessary for the food, such as requesting a knife or a fork, it isn’t considered an interruption, and B’dieved you are Yotzei. However, it is best to be scrupulous and not make any interruptions at all between the Bracha and the eating. (Mishna Berura Siman 167:37 and 41. See also Shmiras Shabbos K’Hilchasa  Chapter 47 footnote 215 and Chapter 48 footnote 14  for a discussion about  what is considered “necessary for the meal” etc.)

2) L’Chatchilah, even a  silent interruption such as  keeping quiet [for longer than a few seconds, K'dei Dibur] between the Bracha and the eating is an interruption and should be avoided, and surely  actually doing something else or even gesturing or humming  between the Bracha and the eating is an interruption. (Mishna Berura ibid. and Siman 206:14. See Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 206:3 that a silent interruption for the purpose of the meal/food is acceptable even L’Chatchilah. See also Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 5 Siman 15:5 and Vol. 8 Siman 147, Shu”t Minchas Yitzchok Vol. 7 Siman 9, Shu”t B’Tzel HaChachma Vol. 4 Siman 88 and Vol. 5 Siman 107 for some other scenarios of interruptions and their ramifications in Halacha.)

B’dieved, if any interruptions besides for talking are made, no new Bracha is required. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:14 and Sha’ar haTzion 13)

HALACHOS FOR EREV SHABBOS KODESH, JULY 24 2009 (DOUBLE PORTION L’KAVOD SHABBOS KODESH)

Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh

1)After a  Bracha is recited it is best not to speak while chewing the first bite, until after a bit was swallowed. There is no need for a Kzayis to be swallowed before talking. (Besides for bread, where there is indeed a Halacha to swallow a Kzayis before talking. See Mishna Berura Siman 167:15)

If one spoke before any of the food was swallowed, B’dieved it is acceptable as long as a little of the taste of the food was enjoyed, and there is no need to repeat the Bracha. (Mishna Berura Siman 167:35 quoting the Chayei Adam)

2) Foods that require preparation before being ready to eat, should have all their preparations done before the Bracha is recited so as not to necessitate an interruption between the Bracha and the eating. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:12)

Some examples of this are: nuts that require the removal of the shell, fruits that need peeling, food that is in a closed bag or carton that needs to be removed or  drinks that need to be poured out of a bottle.

Keep in mind that fruits that do not require peeling should be kept whole for the recital of the Bracha, as a Bracha on a whole fruit is more respectful. Similarly, a peeled orange should not be broken into segments until after the Bracha, as the more whole and the larger the item is, the more respectful it is to the Bracha, as we discussed previously. (Additionally, a  peeled orange may even be considered “whole” even after the peel was removed.See Kaf HaChaim Siman 202:4 and Aruch HaShulchan Siman 202:11)

HALACHOS FOR SHABBOS KODESH

1) Fruits and vegetables that require checking for bugs/worms before eating, should be peeled and inspected  before the Bracha is recited, as doing so after the Bracha will be too long of an interruption, and in the event that it is found to be infested, may render your Bracha a Bracha L’Vatalah. (Mishna Berura ibid. See also Shu”t Rivevos Efraim Vol. 1 Siman151:3 who quotes the Chofetz Chaim that milk must be smelled before reciting a Bracha to ensure it isn’t spoiled and thus render a Bracha L’Vatalah. Similarly, the Ohr HaChaim HaKadosh in his Sefer Rishon L’Tzion to Brachos 40a rules that any foods that are often bitter, must be tasted before reciting a Bracha, and  only if found to be edible, a Bracha recited and eaten.)

2) One who recites a Bracha on a food and suddenly finds him/herself nauseated from the food, may not discard the food before tasting a small bite of it, as not to render the Bracha a Bracha L’vatalah.
However, if the food is absolutely repulsive to him/her it may not be eaten due to the prohibition of “Bal TeShaktzu”, rather just say “Baruch Shem K’vod Malchuso L’Olam Va’ed” and  discard the food. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:12)

HALACHOS FOR SUNDAY, JULY 26 2009

1) If one recited a Bracha on a food item, and before taking a bite realized [or was told] that it is a forbidden food to eat, the halacha depends why the food is a forbidden food:

If it is prohibited due to a custom, but not Al Pi din, a small bite should be taken so as not to render the Bracha  L’vatalah (which is an an issur D’Oraysa). However, if the food is prohibited  M’Ikar HaDin, it may not even be tasted, even if  it will thus render the Bracha L’vatalah. (See Mogen Avraham Siman 271:12 who differentiates between an Isur D’Oraysa and an Isur D’Rabanan. See also Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 1 Siman 206 in the footnotes. See also Mishna Berura Siman 515:5)

2) However, if the prohibition can be rectified, it should be rectified, and then eaten relying on the original Bracha.

Here are  just a few  of the many examples of this Halacha:

a) If a Mezonos was made on cake, and then you realized that you didn’t make Kiddush yet, Kiddush should be made, the wine drunk, and then the cake eaten relying on the Mezonos you made before Kiddush. If this happened before Havdalah, however, the cake should be tasted, Havdalah recited, and then finish the cake.(See Shu”t Shoel U’meishiv Siman 18. However, see Shmiras Shabbos K’Hilchasa Perek 52:19 who rules that Kiddush and Havdalah are the same and the food should be tasted.)

b) If you recited a Bracha on a food and then realized it was a fast day, according to many Poskim you do not taste the food and rather say Baruch Shem etc. on your Bracha L’Vatalah. (see Sha’arei Teshuva Siman 568:1 and Kaf
HaChaim Siman 568:16)

c) One who recites Shehakol on meat and then realizes it is during the nine days when meat is forbidden, should take a small bite of the meat so as not to render the Bracha L’vatalah, and then cease eating  the meat. (See Shu”t Be’er Moshe Vol.4 Siman 24)

d) One who recited a bracha on milk and then realized that he/she is still Fleishig should try to eat  something else which is in front of them, so as the Bracha wont be L’vatalah, and they also wont need to eat milchig.

If no other food is around, and it is past an hour from when they ate fleishig,  take one bite of the milchig item and don’t eat any more after that initial bite.(Some Poskim say to take a bite, and then spit it out after you tasted it, but do not swallow it)

if less than an hour passed since eating fleishig, the milchig item should not be tasted, rather “Baruch Sheim K’Vod malchuso L’Olam Va’ed” should be recited (See Mishna Berura Siman 206:26 and Biur Halacha Dibur Hamaschil Rak Shelo. See also Shu”t Be’er Moshe Vol. 4 Siman 24.)

e)  One who made a Bracha and before eating remembers that he didn’t fed his animals, should take a bite of the food and then go and feed his animals before finishing to eat.  However, if he did in fact go to fed them before taking a bite, it isn’t considered an interruption.(See  Mishna Berura 167:40 and Biur Halacha there  Dibur Hamaschil Umikal Makom)

HALACHOS FOR MONDAY, JULY 27 2009

1) One who recites a Bracha on a food item exempts all other food items of the same Bracha that are in front  of him/her at the time of the Bracha. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:23 and Shulchan Aruch HaRav 206:9)

However, if the Bracha was recited and afterwards he/she decides to eat another food item of the same Bracha that was not in front of them at the time of the Bracha not always does the initial Bracha work to exempt the new item.

There are 4 decisive factors that are necessary for the initial Bracha to work on a new food item that is now being brought to the table to eat.

Keep in mind, that the following 4 criteria only exempt the new food if it is a less prominent food than the original food on which the Bracha was recited, unless it was explicitly known at the time of the Bracha that the new food will be eaten. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:26. See also Mishna Berura Siman 211:32 and 33)

The four factors are:

a) If the new food was of the same variety as the original food (e.g. two apples), no new Bracha is required. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:20-22)

b) If at the time of the Bracha it was clear that you are now sitting down to a [non bread] meal (K’vius), no new Bracha is required on any new foods of the same Bracha that are brought out afterwards. (As one who sits down to lunch has in mind to exempt anything that may be served. Likewise, one who sits down to a fruit meal, exempts all fruit that may be brought out, as is common on Tu B’Shvat.) (Mishna Berura ibid. See also Sha’ar HaTzion 206:25)

c) If at the time of the Bracha you explicitly had in mind (Da’as) that you will be eating the second item, no new Bracha is required. (The Poskim advise doing this always, as to avoid questionable situations.  (See Rama Siman 206:5 and Mishna Berura 206:21)

A guest  eating at a host’s table  does not need this explicit Da’as as he/she has the status of  one who had in  mind to eat whatever the host/hostess serves, and thus never needs a second Bracha.(Mishna Berura Siman 179:17)

d)  If at the time the second item was brought out, the first item has not yet been consumed totally, no new Bracha is required.  (Mishna Berura Siman 206:22. According to some Poskim, as long as you had in mind to exempt a new food before the first food was consumed, even if it wasn’t yet brought to the table, it will be exempted when it arrives. See Sefer V’Zos HaBracha Chapter 7 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal. See also Mishna Berura Siman 174:3 regarding such a case by drinks)

This only works for two similar items (e.g. an apple and a pear or a Danish and a cookie) but on 2 separate items such as a food and a drink or 2 distinct foods (e.g.  Fish and ice cream) the original Bracha does not exempt the new food even if some of the original food is still in front of you. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:21 and Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 206:9, See also Shu”t Be’er Moshe Vol. 1 Siman 10)

2) All of the above is only if the food was in the home [and accessible] at the time of the original Bracha, but does not apply if the food was brought into the home from the outside (from the store or a neighbor’s home, or if the food that was in a locked cabinet in the home is now accessible) as in such a case a new Bracha is always required.(Mishna Berura Siman 206:19 and Shulchan Aruch HaRav 206:9)

HALACHOS FOR TUESDAY, JULY 28 2009

1)One who recites a Bracha on a food/drink item that was not in front of them, but was accessible (e.g. the item was in an unlocked cupboard in that room or in an adjacent room) B’dieved the Bracha is acceptable.

Similarly, one who opens a sink faucet or turns on  a water fountain  and recites a Bracha on the water is Yotzei B’dieved, even though the water that he/she drinks is not the same water that was there at the time the Bracha was recited, as this was the explicit intent at the time of the Bracha. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:19)

However, L’Chatchilah the item should be in front of you, and in your hand [or in a cup, in your hand in the case of water] when the Bracha is recited. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:170)

2)If a Bracha was recited on a food/drink item, and before you were able to take a bite it fell on the floor and became repulsive to eat, or the drink totally spilled out of the cup, if a drop is left that is able to be eaten/drunk that should be done in order to avoid a Bracha L’vatalah. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:24)

If not even a drop of the food/drink remained, and another food/drink of the same Bracha is in front of him/her or was going to be eaten anyway, the new food should be eaten and is exempted by the original Bracha.

However, if the new food was not in front of him/her and he/she did not have in mind to eat it, a new Bracha must be recited, even if the new food is of an identical variety as the first food. The reason for this is that a Bracha on a food only exempts a similar food that wasn’t there at the time of the Bracha, after some of the original food was tasted. (Mishna Berura Siman 206:24-26. See also Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 206:11 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Siman 50:64)

HALACHOS FOR WEDNESDAY, JULY 29 2009

1) After eating or drinking, a Bracha Achrona (literally “after Bracha”) must be recited thanking Hashem for providing sustenance.

However, according to the Torah only eating more than a Kzayis (around 1 ounce) is considered “eating”, thus if less than a Kzayis was consumed, no Bracha Achrona is required (unlike the Bracha before eating, where  a Bracha must be recited even on a small amount of food) (Mishna Berura Siman 210:4)

For drinks, the amount necessary to require a Bracha Achrona is a Revi’is (around 3 fl. ounces ) (Mishna Berura ibid. Some authorities require a Bracha Achrona on a Kzayis of drink, which is a little less than a Revi’is. Therefore it is best to always either drink less than a Kzayis or more than a Revi’is, but not between the two shiurim, as then it becomes a serious Halachic safek. See Mishna Berura Siman 190:12)

2) Frozen or congealed liquids,which are eaten as foods, require a Bracha Achrona after a Kzayis.

This includes ice cream, pudding, raw eggs, leben etc., even if they are “runny”. However, if they have totally melted they are considered drinks and a Bracha Achrona is only required if a Revi’is was consumed. (See Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 158:8. See also Mishna Berura 158:14 and Sha’ar HaTzion os 16, Shu”t Chasam Sofer Orach Chaim Siman 47 and Yoreh Deah Siman 19. See also Aruch HaShulchan Siman 202:9 and Shu”t Minchas Yitzchak Vol. 2 Siman 110 for other ways of determining if it’s considered food or drink.  See Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 7 Siman 21:1. Shu”t L’Horos Nosson Vol. 10 Siman 21 and 22, Shu”t B’Tzel HaChachma Vol. 3 Siman 117. See also Kaf HaChaim Siman 204:1 and Shu”t Yabia Omer Vol. 1 Siman 11. There are literally scores of additional Teshuvos and sources  in the Poskim that discuss the many details of this Halacha and its applications, so it’s important to discuss with a Rav for Halacha L’ma’aseh, as with all matters of Halacha)

There is a dispute amongst the Poskim if thick vegetable soup on which the Bracha of “Borei pri Ha’Adama” is recited, is treated as a food or as a drink regarding Bracha Achrona. (See Mishna Berura Siman 210:1. See also Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 1 Siman 75)

HALACHOS FOR THURSDAY, JULY 30 2009

Thursday was Tisha B’Av when learning Torah was forbidden, so we emailed  some relevant halachos of Tisha B’Av (from here)  and not our current topic.

HALACHOS FOR EREV SHABBOS KODESH , JULY 31 2009

Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh

1) All foods eaten can be combined to arrive at the required Kzayis for a Bracha Achrona. Thus, for example if one eats a half a Kzayis of chicken and a half a Kzayis of corn, a Kzayis was eaten and a Bracha Achrona is required.

Likewise, drinks can be combined to arrive at a Revi’is, Thus, if one drank a half Revi’is of orange juice and a half Revi’is of water or soda, a Bracha Achrona is required.

2) However, food and drink cannot be combined. Thus, if one ate half a Kzayis of food and drank half a Revi’is of drink, no Bracha Achrona is required. (Mishna Berura Siman 210:1. See also Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 1 Siman 75 where he writes that one should avoid such a situation. See also Kovetz Tzohar (Yerushalayim 5760) page 232 where he quotes the Safek of Rav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal that grape and wine as well as any fruit and its juice may possibly be combined to require a Bracha.)

HALACHOS FOR SHABBOS KODESH

1) If the two foods/drinks that are being combined to necessitate a Bracha Achrona have 2 distinct Brachos Achronos (e.g. half a Kzayis of a Danish (which usually gets an Al HaMichya) and a half Kzayis of an apple (which usually gets a Borei Nefashos) the lesser Bracha Achrona is recited. (So in our example, a Borei Nefashos would be recited and exempt even the Danish) (Mishna Berura ibid. see also Sha’ar HaTzion 210:2 and Chazon Ish Orach Chaim Siman 26:8)

2) Similarly, if one ate a small jelly donut, cheese Danish, apple strudel or similar pastry, where the amount of Mezonos was less than a Kzayis on its own, and it is only a Kzayis when calculating the jelly or cheese, the Bracha Achrona recited is Borei Nefashos. (Shu”t Minchas Shlomo Siman 91:4. This also applies if there was more than a Kzayis of the Mezonos, but it wasn’t eaten within Kdei Achilas Pras, 3-9 minutes, depending on various opinions)

HALACHOS FOR SUNDAY, AUGUST 2 2009

1)According to some Rishonim, one who eats a “complete” food item (referred to in Halacha as “Beriah”, creation, due to its being in the same state as it was when created) is required to recite a Bracha Achrona even if its size is less than a Kzayis, due to it being considered a prominent food.

Other Poskim disagree, and maintain that even complete food items do not require a Bracha Achrona if less than a Kzayis was consumed.

It is therefore best to be careful not to eat less than a Kzayis even when the food in question is a Beriah, as to avoid this Halachic Safek.

Alternatively, if less than a Kzayis will be eaten, the whole food should be broken or mashed before eating as to remove its status of a “whole food”. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 210:1, Mishna Berura Sif Katan 6 and Sha’ar HaTzion Os 21 and Shu”t RadVaz Vol. 1 Siman 402. See also Shu”t Minchas Shlomo Siman 91:5, Shu”t Yabia Omer Vol. 8 Siman 25:3 and Shu”t Har Tzvi Siman 110 who discuss some other variables of what constitutes a Beriah)

2) Some common examples of “Beriah” foods that are smaller than a Kzayis include a whole grape or raisin, a small nut, a blueberry, a chick pea, a sardine and according to many Poskim even a whole segment of an orange or tangarine , a kernel of corn, a pomegranate seed, a sunflower seed (even though these are only segments  of a larger food, they are considered complete on their own) ( See Be’er Heitev  Siman 210:3. See also Mateh Ephraim Siman 600:7 regarding pomegranates on Rosh Hashanah.  See also Ohr L’Tzion 14:28 and Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 8 Siman 34:1 and 2)

HALACHOS FOR MONDAY, AUGUST 3 2009

1)In order for a Bracha Achrona to be required a Kzayis must be eaten within the required time frame known as “Kdei Achilas Pras” (Between 3 and 9 minutes depending on which Poskim we are relying on and what kind of food is in question. We will discuss this more at length in the near future iy”H)

If the Kzayis was eaten in more time than that, no Bracha Achrona may be said, as eating in such a manner is  not considered eating. (See Mishna Berura Siman 210:1, Shu”t MaHaram Shick Siman 263)

2) If one is unsure if the Kzayis was eaten in the appropriate time, no Bracha Achrona is made as Safek Brachos L’Hakel (Brachos are never recited in questionable situations, lest we say Hashem’s name in vain).

However, if possible to eat something else with the same Bracha Achrona, and have in mind to exempt the first item, that is proper to do. (See Shaarei Teshuva Siman 204:5)
The only exception to this Halacha may be when eating bread, as some Poskim rule that even if the Kzayis was eaten in more time than Kdei Achilas Pras, since it has satiated you, Birchas HaMazon is required. Other Poskim argue and maintain that even for bread an eating in the required time period is required. (See Mishna Berura 210:1, Sha’ar Hatzion 210:10, Ben Ish Chai Parshas Chukas Siman 12 and Parshas Masei Siman 7 and Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 1 Siman 76)

HALACHOS FOR TUESDAY, AUGUST 4 2009

1)In regard to drinking, a Revi’is must be drunk within “Kdei Achilas Pras” in order to necessitate a Bracha Achrona. (Opinion of the Gaon of Vilna, quoted in Mishna Berura end of 210:1)

However, many Poskim are stringent and require the Revi’is to be drunk within the time it takes an average person  to drink a Revi’is (Kdei Sh’tias Revi’is) which is a much shorter time than “Kdei Achilas Pras”, in order to necessitate a Bracha Achrona on drinks. (See Mishna Berura ibid, Sha’ar Hatzion 210:12 and Aruch HaShulchan Siman 202:8)

2) If one ate or drank the Kzayis of food/Revi’is of drink in more time than Kdei Achilas Pras (or Kdei Sh’tias Revi’is), even if there were no interruptions, and he/she was eating/drinking a whole time, no Bracha Achrona is required.

For example, one  who eats soup with a spoon, drinks a cola with a straw or eats a frozen ice-cream with a spoon, since it is usually not possible to drink enough of these items in the required time of K’dei Sh’tias Revi’is, even though no interruptions were made,  no Bracha Achrona is required. (Of course if enough was drunk in the required time, a Bracha Achrona is said. We will discuss hot coffee/tea tomorrow iy”H)

Of course, if an interruption was made and the Kzayis or Revi’is was only eaten over a longer time than Kdei  Achilas Pras/Kdei Sh’tias Revi’is, no Bracha Achrona is required. (See Mishna Berura Siman 612:6.)

HALACHOS FOR WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5 2009

1) When one sips a hot drink such as tea or coffee, or a sharp drink, such as whiskey, where a  revi’is is usually not possible to drink in the time of kdei sh’tias revi’is, according to many Poskim no bracha achrona is recited (Mishna Berura Siman 210:1 and Be’er Heitev Siman 204:12, Aruch Hashulchan Siman 202:7, Chayei Adam Klal 50:15, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Siman 51:66, Kaf Hachaim siman 204:40, Shu”t Yabia Omer vol. 5 Siman 18, as well as many other Poskim)

Some Poskim, however, rule that since this is the normal way for these drinks to be drunk, a bracha achrona  may be recited even if it took longer than kdei sh’tias revi’is (but less than kdei achilas pras)  to drink. (See Be’er Heitev ibid. See also Shu”t Maharam Shick  Siman 85 and Siman 263 that this is how the Chasam Sofer ruled, and how the Chasam Sofer himself conducted himself. See also Minchas Chinuch mitzvah 313. Rav Shmuel wosner Zatzal also ruled this way when eating frozen ices on a stick, that although it isn’t eaten within the required amount of time, a bracha achrona is still required. See Sefer Shaarei Habracha page 304)

2) Since this is a huge machlokes Haposkim, and it is hard to establish the halacha any one way, it is recommended to always leave over a revi’is at the end when it has cooled, and drink it in one gulp, thus necessitating a bracha achrona according to most opinions. This is indeed the custom of many scrupulous people. (Mishna Berura Siman  210:1 and Aruch Hashulchan ibid. This was also the opinion of the chazon Ish. See Shu”t Teshuvos V’hanhagos vol. 2 Siman 135.  The Chida in Birchei Yosef Siman 204: 6 brings an opposing opinion that  this would not work, as it is not the normal way to enjoy such a drink, and thus it would still not necessitate a Bracha Achrona.)

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HALACHOS FOR THURSDAY, AUGUST 6 2009

1)After eating a food item (other than bread) made from the 5 grains (wheat, barley, oats, rye, spelt), fruits of the Shivas HaMinim or  after drinking wine, the Bracha Achrona  known as “Me’Ein Shalosh” must be recited. It is more commonly referred to as “Al HaMichya…”

This Bracha is referred to as Me’Ein Shalosh, which literally means “Comparable to the three”, since  the text is based on the text of the three Brachos of Birchas HaMazon. (See Mishna Berura Siman 208:50 for a more detailed explanation)

2) There are Rishonim who maintain the Bracha of Me’Ein Shalosh is a biblical obligation, while others maintain that it is rabbinical. (See Mishna Berura Siman 209:10)

One who mistakenly recites Borei Nefashos after eating something that requires Me’Ein Shalosh has not satisfied their obligation even B’dieved and must still say the Me’Ein Shalosh.(Mishna Berura Siman 202:55)

HALACHOS FOR EREV SHABBOS KODESH, AUGUST 7 2009 (DOUBLE PORTION L’KAVOD SHABBOS KODESH)

Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh

1) When reciting the Bracha Me’Ein Shalosh, it is required to specify what variety of food/drink was eaten/drunk.

2) Therefore, when Mezonos items (of the 5 grains) were eaten the words “Al HaMichya V’Al HaKalkala ” must be added in the beginning and the words “Al Ha’Aretz V’Al HaMichya (V’Al HaKalkala)” said at the end. (Some omit the last two words “V’Al HaKalkala”. See Sha’ar HaTzion Siman 208:52 and Kaf HaChaim 208:57. See also Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Siman 51:8. Some have the custom to say those two words quietly, or even to say “Al Hakalkala isn’t said” or to say it as a question, “Al Hakalkala? “. However the Chazon Ish frowned upon this. See Sefer Mili D’Brachos Siman 35. See also Shu”t Teshuvos V’Hanhagos Vol. 3 Siman 75)

When wine was drunk, the words “Al HaGefen V’Al Pri HaGefen” must be added in the beginning and the words “Al Ha’Aretz V’Al Pri HaGefen” said at the end. (Mishna Berura Siman 208:56 and Aruch HaShulchan 208:6. See also Biur HaGra 208:11 who maintains that the ending for wine is the same as fruits. Even the Mishna Berura agrees to this ruling for B’dieved.)

If fruits of the Shivas Haminim were eaten, the words “Al Ha’Eitz V’Al Pri Ha’Eitz” must be added in the beginning and the words “Al Ha’Aretz V’Al Hapeiros” said at the end. (Mishna Berura Siman 208:50)

HALACHOS FOR SHABBOS KODESH

1) If the fruits of the Shivas Haminim that were eaten were grown in Eretz Yisroel (even if they are being eaten in Chutz L’Aretz)  the ending of the Bracha is changed to “Al Ha’Aretz V’Al Peiroseha”(meaning Eretz Yisroel’s fruits, and not simply regular fruit) (Mishna Berura Siman 208:54)

The same applies to wine that was pressed from grapes that were grown in Eretz Yisroel; the ending is changed to “Al Ha’Aretz V’Al Pri Gafnah” (See Kaf HaChaim Siman 208:58 and Shu”t Yabia Omer Vol. 7 Siman 30. However, some Poskim do not agree to this. See Shu”t Halachos Ketanos Vol. 2 Siman 55 and Ketzos HaShulchan Siman 60:5)

2) If one isn’t sure where the fruits were grown (even if they are being eaten in Eretz Yisroel), the standard text is used. (Mishna Berura Siman 208:54)

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HALACHOS FOR SUNDAY, AUGUST 9 2009

1) When eating a combination of Mezonos (of the 5 grains) and/or fruits of the Shivas HaMinim and/or wine, the Bracha Me’Ein Shalosh is recited afterwards and all the applicable foods that were eaten are mentioned, in the order of their prominence.

Thus when all 3 varieties were eaten the words “Al HaMichya, V’Al HaGefen, V’Al Ha’Eitz ” are added to the beginning of the Bracha as well as to the end. (Mishna Berura Siman 208:60)

2) If one inadvertently forget to mention one of the items eaten in the opening of Me’Ein Shalosh, if the Bracha was not yet finished he/she should go back and mention the forgotten items, and continue and finish the Bracha. (See Shu”t Shevet Haleivi Vol. 3 Siman 18)

B’dieved, if the items eaten were only mentioned in the conclusion of the Bracha, it is acceptable and the Bracha doesn’t need to be repeated, as the main part of the Bracha is the conclusion. (See Shu”t Shevet Haleivi ibid, Shu”t Igros Moshe Vol. 1 Siman 72 and Shu”t Be’er Moshe Vol. 4 Siman 20)

However, if one or more of the varieties of food eaten was omitted in the conclusion of the Bracha, the entire Bracha Achrona must be repeated. When repeating the Bracha Achrona, only the foods omitted should now be mentioned in the repetition. (See Mishna Berura Siman 59:4. See also Kaf HaChaim Siman 208:76 and Shu”t Har Tzvi Siman 105, Shu”t Tzitz Eliezer Vol. 19 Siman8:2 and  Shu”t Teshuvos V’Hanhagos Vol. 2 Siman 147.We will discuss some more details and some exceptions to this Halacha over  the next few days iy”H.)

HALACHOS FOR MONDAY, AUGUST 10 2009

1) One who drinks wine and eats fruits of the Shivas HaMinim is required to mention both the wine and the fruits in the Me’Ein Shalosh, as we mentioned earlier.

However, if only the fruits were mentioned, there is no need to repeat the Me’Ein Shalosh for the wine, as B’dieved wine is included in  “fruit”. (Mishna Berura Siman 208:61)

One who eats fruits from the Shivas HaMinim and also regular fruits(apples, oranges, pears etc.) recites the Me’Ein Shalosh  adding V’Al Ha’Eitz, and this exempts all the fruits eaten, and no Borei Nefashos is needed (even though usually on regular fruits that is what is recited)

The above is only for fruits and does not work for fruit juice, as “Al Ha’Eitz” won’t work for juice, and a separate Borei Nefashos is required.  According to some Poskim, in this case, the Borei Nefashos on the juice should be recited first, before the Al Ha’Eitz.(Mishna Berura Siman 208:62 and 63. See also Ohr L’Tzion Perek 14:24)

2) If non Shivas HaMinim fruits are eaten and wine is drunk, the “Al HaGefen” on the wine does not exempt the other fruits, and a separate Borei Nefashos is required on the fruits. Here too, the Borei Nefashos should be recited first before the Al Hagefen (Mishna Berura Siman 208:64. See Kaf HaChaim 208:73)